Which lasers are known to penetrate tissue the deepest?

Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) lasers are recognized for their ability to penetrate tissues deeply due to their specific wavelength of 1064 nm. This wavelength falls within the near-infrared range, which is optimal for deep tissue penetration because it is less absorbed by water and hemoglobin compared to shorter wavelengths.

In practical applications, such as surgical procedures or aesthetic treatments, this deep penetration capability allows Nd:YAG lasers to effectively reach deeper layers of tissue without causing excessive damage to the surrounding areas. This makes them particularly useful in treatments where deeper tissue interaction is required, such as in certain types of vascular lesions or for hair removal in darker skin types.

The other types of lasers listed, while effective in their respective applications, do not offer the same depth of penetration. Erbium and CO2 lasers primarily operate at wavelengths that are absorbed more readily by the water in the skin and mucosa, which limits their penetration depth. Diode lasers have varied wavelengths that can be optimized for specific applications, but typically do not achieve the same level of deep tissue effects as Nd:YAG lasers. Thus, the unique wavelength and absorption characteristics of Nd:YAG lasers position them as the most effective for deep tissue penetration