Which laser mode exhibits no thermal relaxation, posing a risk of thermal damage?

Continuous mode lasers operate without interruption, emitting a constant stream of energy over time. This sustained output can lead to significant thermal accumulation in the target material and in the laser components themselves. Unlike pulsed modes, which allow for intervals where the material can dissipate heat, continuous modes do not provide this relaxation period. As a consequence, the ongoing energy deposition can result in localized heating, which may lead to overheating and potential thermal damage to both the target and the laser system.

The absence of thermal relaxation in continuous mode is a critical consideration, especially in applications where precision and material integrity are paramount, as it necessitates careful management of the energy output to avoid detrimental effects.